The basic knowledge of vacuum cleaners
The structure
The basic structure of the vacuum cleaner is divided into five parts by function:
1, power part: vacuum cleaner motor and governor. Governor sub-control, machine control.
2, the filter system: dust bag, before the filter, after the filter. According to the filter material is divided into: paper, cloth, SMS, Haipa.
3, the functional part: retractable line mechanism, dust full instructions, buttons or sliding switch.
4, protection measures: clean bag protection, vacuum is too high protection, anti-interference protection (soft start), overheating protection (temperature protection), anti-static protection.
5, accessories: handle and hose, take over, brush, flat suction, round brush, sofa suction, hook, strap.
Second, the working principle
The working principle of the vacuum cleaner is the high speed rotation of the vacuum cleaner motor, the air is sucked from the suction port, the dust box has a certain vacuum, the dust is allowed to enter the dust bag in the dust box through the brush, takeover, handle, hose, Filter bag, the filtered air and then through a layer of filter into the motor, this layer of filter is to prevent the dust bag burst dust into the motor a protective barrier, into the motor air flow through the motor, the motor running in the carbon brush constantly Wear, so out of the vacuum cleaner before adding a filter.
The finer the filter material, the more clean the air filter, but the worse the air permeability, which affects the air intake of the motor and reduces the efficiency of the vacuum cleaner. But for the user, the comfortable and clean is the main, so popular in recent years called "Haipa" filter. Haipa is an alien name, it is a high efficiency filter, can be a very small dust block, the efficiency of 99.97% (3σ). Its permeability is lower, so they are made to increase the area of the wave. Some of the filter material can also be cleaned repeatedly. Any filter material has a "life", that is, after long-term use of the filter material has been blocked by small particles of dust. So paper bag is ideal, after use, disposable, hygienic and convenient. Cloth filter bag after cleaning fiber will be knitted, affecting the filtering effect and breathable effect. SMS three-layer composite filter material washable, but slightly lower air permeability.
Third, the vacuum model naming method
Fourth, the main technical indicators of vacuum cleaners
1, electrical performance:
Power supply voltage: V;
Frequency: Hertz Hz;
Input power P1: watts W.
2, air performance:
Air volume Q:
Unit m3 / min, hand-held 1.5m3 / min, horizontal 2m3 / min
Vacuum degree Hs
Unit KPa
Inhalation power P2
Unit W, P2 = 16.67Hs · Q
Efficiency n
N = P2 / P1 * 100%
See the relevant air performance curve test report.
Among them, we can see in the air performance curve:
1, HS-Q curve: When the intake air volume (Q value) is getting bigger and bigger, the vacuum (HS value) is getting smaller and smaller, when the HS is small to zero, the maximum air volume. When the minimum air volume is zero, the vacuum value reaches its maximum value.
From the curve you can also know that the use of vacuum in the vacuum - vacuum is a variable. Air volume is small vacuum, and vice versa. The vacuum suction nozzle full block, the vacuum can reach the maximum value, the same way when the suction port is the maximum air volume. We usually refer to the vacuum of the vacuum cleaner, air volume should be the maximum.
2, P1 curve: the input power of the vacuum cleaner curve, with the increase in air volume (vacuum suction from the full plug to full open) input power is gradually increased, this is because the suction port when the whole plug can not breathe, vacuum cleaner The motor fan has a working in an approximately vacuum state, so the input power is minimal. While the suction port is fully open when the suction air volume to the maximum, the input power should also be relatively large. The difference between the two large, usually our logo vacuum cleaner power does not mean the maximum power (that is, when the full power), nor is the minimum power, but the average power.
Vacuum cleaner input power = (input power when suction is fully open + input power when fully blocked) ÷ 2, the vacuum cleaner power indicated on the nameplate refers to the average power.
Although the input power of the vacuum cleaner depends mainly on the motor power, but the impact of input power factors, that is, a 1500W motor into the vacuum cleaner will be less than 1500W, the scope of change is still relatively large. The difference between the full and closed sides of the suction port is also an uncertain factor. Generally can think that the whole air duct is not smooth, there is leakage, access to the wind cross section is not enough and so can affect the size of the input power. So the same specifications, the same batch of vacuum cleaner input power because the motor process conditions and vacuum cleaner production process caused by a certain range of power changes in the general provisions of the allowable ± 15% difference. The world's input power range is also defined in the safety rules, such as the United States UL is ± 1015%, Europe + 15%, no negative.
In accordance with these regulations, as long as the country in line with the specified range of power tolerance is allowed, such as sold to the United States nameplate power 1500W vacuum cleaner, the actual product input power can be between 1650W-1275W.
3, P2 curve is the vacuum cleaner output power curve. Vacuum cleaner output power is reflected in the vacuum, air volume, in general, the vacuum is high, the air volume and large output power will be relatively high, its formula is:
Output power formula: P2 = 16.67HSQ (W)
HS: vacuum degree of vacuum cleaner, unit KPa,
Q: air volume of vacuum cleaner, unit m3 / min
Vacuum burner in the use of the process, the vacuum HS and air flow Q constantly according to HS-Q curve changes, so the technical standard specified in the output power is the maximum power, that is, the vertex of the P2 curve. Note that the maximum output power is definitely not the maximum vacuum of the vacuum cleaner and the maximum air volume of the product, you can observe the air performance curve, when the maximum vacuum, the air volume is zero, the output power is zero.
4, η efficiency: vacuum cleaner efficiency = (vacuum cleaner output power P2 ÷ vacuum cleaner input power P1) × 100%
Of course, both P1 and P2 are changing, and efficiency η should be the vertex of the curve, ie the maximum. Vacuum cleaner efficiency is generally small, this is because the use of vacuum cleaner in the air there is a lot of resistance, reducing the air volume. Resistance is mainly the filtration system and vacuum inside the internal organs, and vacuum cleaner motor itself is generally less than 40% efficiency.
5, vacuum cleaner governor
1, speed and interference: In order to make the vacuum suction "suction" can be used according to the requirements of change, the configuration of the governor. The basic principle of the governor is to change the power input waveform, from the following diagram of a complete AC sinusoidal waveform, the governor is the use of thyristor conduction angle changes to make a part of the sine wave (shadow part) cut off The input motor power supply is reduced, changing the conduction angle, so that the shadow part of the increase or decrease can get the effect of stepless speed change.
This governor is simple and reliable, but it brings harmonic interference. The clipped input waveform is no longer smooth, but intermittent "spikes", these "spikes" lead to pulse waves, multiple harmonics caused by radio interference, which is the main source of harmonic interference The As the waveform changes, the size of the interference is changing. This interference on other electrical appliances, especially electronic equipment, a great interference, the world of harmonic interference made the corresponding provisions. In the vacuum cleaner we have also developed a measure to suppress this interference.
2, soft start: vacuum cleaner motor starting current is very large, its starting current is large enough to cause interference to the home network, the daily life of large appliances suddenly start other electrical appliances, such as incandescent light will be a little dark, Interference is also not allowed in the European region, for this interference in the vacuum cleaner to add a soft ground called the control line,
Its basic principle is not to let the vacuum cleaner motor suddenly start (full voltage start), but when the switch is pressed, the power is turned on, first apply a lower voltage, let the motor slowly turn up, turn the motor after the establishment of the Back EMF, start the current is not great, then the normal voltage operation, which is the so-called soft start.
Six, the main performance indicators of the measurement method
1, the unit of vacuum:
1 atmosphere = 101325Pa = inch 406.7 inches water column = old 760 mm Hg
If the maximum vacuum of a vacuum cleaner is 23 K Pa
23K Pa = 23000Pa = inch 92.336 inches water column = old system 172.51 mm Hg
The above three units, Pa or K Pa is in line with international and domestic standards of the unit, and the United States, the United States also common in the water column. While the millimeter of mercury, although the old system, but in the production site measurement is more convenient, the company is still within a certain range of circulation.
1 Pa read as 1 Pascal = 1N / m2 (1 Newton pressure per square meter)
1inH2O read as 1 inch water column = 249.1N / m2 = 249.1 Pa
1 mmHg read as 1 mm Hg = 133.32.1 N / m2 = 133.32 Pa
2, the measurement of vacuum
Measurement of vacuum degree of the instrument has been more, such as U-tube method, vacuum table method, digital measurement, production commonly used or U-tube method, more convenient and intuitive, and the instrument maintenance costs are very low. U-tube method is the use of the principle of the connector, in a U-tube into the amount of mercury (mercury), so that the mercury surface in the two ends of the pipe to maintain the level, when one end connected to the vacuum cleaner mercury surface is increased, the other side down, The height of the rise and fall can be read out on the scale.
Vacuum H = h1 + h2 = 2h2 mm Hg
Because the vacuum cleaner access U-tube, the equivalent of the suction port closed, so the vacuum measured at this time is the maximum vacuum.
3, the air data test
According to the Chinese industry standard vacuum cleaner specified test method, it is mainly by the pressure vessel (pressure box), vacuum pressure gauge, the amount of wind pressure gauge (Bi column tube) and the tail of a regulating valve.
When the vacuum cleaner is turned on, the maximum air volume can be measured when the valve is fully opened, and the maximum vacuum can be measured when the valve is fully closed. Gradually adjust the size of the valve can be measured point by point every valve open the state of the vacuum and air volume. If you connect the power meter to the power input of the vacuum cleaner, you can also measure the input power of each open state. From the table below, we can make the relevant air data curve. Although the distribution of the various points, enough refinement, the more realistic the curve.
Air Curve Measurement Record Sheet
Measurement Data Unit Data Measurement Method Status
1 2 3 ...
HS: Vacuum KPa reading table
Q: air volume m3 / min read the table or calculation
P1: input power W read the table
P2: input power W calculation P2 = 16.67HSQ (W)
N: Inhalation efficiency% calculated n = P2 ÷ P1 × 100%
Where the output power and efficiency are a parabola, and its vertex is the maximum and maximum output power. So in order to be more accurate in the measurement, often in the vicinity of the vertex to measure a few points.
4, to brush the determination of vacuum efficiency
Vacuum cleaner is an important indicator is the level of vacuum efficiency, the industry standard for this work as follows: Vacuum cleaner is the vacuum cleaner in the specified cleaning cycle, the amount of dust and dust on the test area of the distribution of dust The ratio of the amount.
In the hardwood floor dust removal capacity of 98%
Dust removal capacity on the carpet 65%
among them:
A, in the hardwood floor on the dust test method is: in a 0.7 × 1 m smooth test with the floor, evenly distributed 35 grams of test dust. Open the vacuum cleaner, brush by 0.5 ± 0.02 m / s to implement the speed, the use of type mode, take a trip to the brush evenly through the test board, suction in addition to the dust on the test board, shut down carefully after the test The residual dust on the board is collected and weighed mr. Vacuum capacity Kb = (35 g - mr) ÷ 35 g x 100%
B, the carpet on the vacuum capacity test method and the board is basically the same, but the practice proved that the carpet specifications of the varieties of great impact on the test results, such as the general short-wool chemical fiber carpets and plush carpets, the same vacuum cleaner test results are not the same, plush carpet It is not easy to exhaust, and the industry standard is not clearly defined.
In the enterprise will make a clear definition of the amendment, in dealing with customers, we should also pay attention to the specifications of the test carpet, otherwise it will cause a lot of error in the test data.