The basic knowledge of vacuum cleaners
The basic structure of the vacuum cleaner
The basic structure of the vacuum cleaner is divided into five parts by function:
1, power part: vacuum cleaner motor and governor. Governor sub-control, machine control.
2, the filter system: dust bag, before the filter, after the filter. According to the filter material is divided into: paper, cloth, SMS, Haipa.
3, the functional part: retractable line mechanism, dust full instructions, buttons or sliding switch.
4, protection measures: clean bag protection, vacuum is too high protection, anti-interference protection (soft start), overheating protection (temperature protection), anti-static protection.
5, accessories: handle and hose, take over, brush, flat suction, round brush, sofa suction, hook, strap.
working principle
The working principle of the vacuum cleaner is the high speed rotation of the vacuum cleaner motor, the air is sucked from the suction port, the dust box has a certain vacuum, the dust is allowed to enter the dust bag in the dust box through the brush, takeover, handle, hose, Filter bag, the filtered air and then through a layer of filter into the motor, this layer of filter is to prevent the dust bag burst dust into the motor a protective barrier, into the motor air flow through the motor, the motor running in the carbon brush constantly Wear, so out of the vacuum cleaner before adding a filter.
The finer the filter material, the more clean the air filter, but the worse the air permeability, which affects the air intake of the motor and reduces the efficiency of the vacuum cleaner. But for the user, the comfortable and clean is the main, so popular in recent years called "Haipa" filter. Haipa is an alien name, it is a high efficiency filter, can be a very small dust block, the efficiency of 99.97% (3σ). Its permeability is lower, so they are made to increase the area of the wave. Some of the filter material can also be cleaned repeatedly. Any filter material has a "life", that is, after long-term use of the filter material has been blocked by small particles of dust. So paper bag is ideal, after use, disposable, hygienic and convenient. Cloth filter bag after cleaning fiber will be knitted, affecting the filtering effect and breathable effect. SMS three-layer composite filter material washable, but slightly lower air permeability.
Cleaner governor
1, speed and interference: In order to make the vacuum suction "suction" can be used according to the requirements of change, the configuration of the governor. The basic principle of the governor is to change the power input waveform, from the following diagram of a complete AC sinusoidal waveform, the governor is the use of thyristor conduction angle changes to make a part of the sine wave (shadow part) cut off The input motor power supply is reduced, changing the conduction angle, so that the shadow part of the increase or decrease can get the effect of stepless speed change.
This governor is simple and reliable, but it brings harmonic interference. The clipped input waveform is no longer smooth, but intermittent "spikes", these "spikes" lead to pulse waves, multiple harmonics caused by radio interference, which is the main source of harmonic interference The As the waveform changes, the size of the interference is changing. This interference on other electrical appliances, especially electronic equipment, a great interference, the world of harmonic interference made the corresponding provisions. In the vacuum cleaner we have also developed a measure to suppress this interference.
2, soft start: vacuum cleaner motor starting current is very large, its starting current is large enough to cause interference to the home network, the daily life of large appliances suddenly start other electrical appliances, such as incandescent light will be a little dark, Interference is also not allowed in the European region, for this interference in the vacuum cleaner to add a soft ground called the control line,
Its basic principle is not to let the vacuum cleaner motor suddenly start (full voltage start), but when the switch is pressed, the power is turned on, first apply a lower voltage, let the motor slowly turn up, turn the motor after the establishment of the Back EMF, start the current is not great, then the normal voltage operation, which is the so-called soft start.
Cleaner governor
1, speed and interference: In order to make the vacuum suction "suction" can be used according to the requirements of change, the configuration of the governor. The basic principle of the governor is to change the power input waveform, from the following diagram of a complete AC sinusoidal waveform, the governor is the use of thyristor conduction angle changes to make a part of the sine wave (shadow part) cut off The input motor power supply is reduced, changing the conduction angle, so that the shadow part of the increase or decrease can get the effect of stepless speed change.
This governor is simple and reliable, but it brings harmonic interference. The clipped input waveform is no longer smooth, but intermittent "spikes", these "spikes" lead to pulse waves, multiple harmonics caused by radio interference, which is the main source of harmonic interference The As the waveform changes, the size of the interference is changing. This interference on other electrical appliances, especially electronic equipment, a great interference, the world of harmonic interference made the corresponding provisions. In the vacuum cleaner we have also developed a measure to suppress this interference.
2, soft start: vacuum cleaner motor starting current is very large, its starting current is large enough to cause interference to the home network, the daily life of large appliances suddenly start other electrical appliances, such as incandescent light will be a little dark, Interference is also not allowed in the European region, for this interference in the vacuum cleaner to add a soft ground called the control line,
Its basic principle is not to let the vacuum cleaner motor suddenly start (full voltage start), but when the switch is pressed, the power is turned on, first apply a lower voltage, let the motor slowly turn up, turn the motor after the establishment of the Back EMF, start the current is not great, then the normal voltage operation, which is the so-called soft start.
Measurement of main performance indicators
1, the unit of vacuum:
1 atmosphere = 101325Pa = inch 406.7 inches water column = old 760 mm Hg
If the maximum vacuum of a vacuum cleaner is 23 K Pa
23K Pa = 23000Pa = inch 92.336 inches water column = old system 172.51 mm Hg
The above three units, Pa or K Pa is in line with international and domestic standards of the unit, and the United States, the United States also common in the water column. While the millimeter of mercury, although the old system, but in the production site measurement is more convenient, the company is still within a certain range of circulation.
1 Pa read as 1 Pascal = 1N / m2 (1 Newton pressure per square meter)
1inH2O read as 1 inch water column = 249.1N / m2 = 249.1 Pa
1 mmHg read as 1 mm Hg = 133.32.1 N / m2 = 133.32 Pa
2, the measurement of vacuum
Measurement of vacuum degree of the instrument has been more, such as U-tube method, vacuum table method, digital measurement, production commonly used or U-tube method, more convenient and intuitive, and the instrument maintenance costs are very low. U-tube method is the use of the principle of the connector, in a U-tube into the amount of mercury (mercury), so that the mercury surface in the two ends of the pipe to maintain the level, when one end connected to the vacuum cleaner mercury surface is increased, the other side down, The height of the rise and fall can be read out on the scale.
Vacuum H = h1 + h2 = 2h2 mm Hg
Because the vacuum cleaner access U-tube, the equivalent of the suction port closed, so the vacuum measured at this time is the maximum vacuum.
3, the air data test
According to the Chinese industry standard vacuum cleaner specified test method, it is mainly by the pressure vessel (pressure box), vacuum pressure gauge, the amount of wind pressure gauge (Bi column tube) and the tail of a regulating valve.
When the vacuum cleaner is turned on, the maximum air volume can be measured when the valve is fully opened, and the maximum vacuum can be measured when the valve is fully closed. Gradually adjust the size of the valve can be measured point by point every valve open the state of the vacuum and air volume. If you connect the power meter to the power input of the vacuum cleaner, you can also measure the input power of each open state. From the table below, we can make the relevant air data curve. Although the distribution of the various points, enough refinement, the more realistic the curve.